Consenso Colombiano para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de condiciones trombóticas en pacientes adultos con COVID-19: aplicando el Marco de la Evidencia a la Decisión (EtD) GRADE / Colombian consensus for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic conditions in adult patients with COVID-19: applying GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) Frameworks

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Abstract Recent studies have reported the occurrence of thrombotic phenomena or coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19. There are divergent positions regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these phenomena, and current clinical practice is based solely on deductions by extension from retrospective studies, case series, observational studies, and international guidelines developed prior to the pandemic. In this context, the aim was to generate a group of recommendations on the prevention, diagnosis and management of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods: A rapid guidance was carried out applying the GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks and an iterative participation system, with statistical and qualitative analysis. Results: 31 clinical recommendations were generated focused on: a) Coagulation tests in symptomatic adults with suspected infection or confirmed SARS CoV-2 infection; b) Thromboprophylaxis in adults diagnosed with COVID-19 (Risk scales, thromboprophylaxis for outpatient, in-hospital management, and duration of thromboprophylaxis after discharge from hospitalization), c) Diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications, and d) Management of people with previous indication of anticoagulant agents. Conclusions: Recommendations of this consensus guide clinical decision-making regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thrombotic phenomena in patients with COVID-19, and represent an agreement that will help decrease the dispersion in clinical practices according to the challenge imposed by the pandemic.

Resistencia bacteriana en urocultivos de una población de embarazadas de control prenatal en Bogotá junio 2013­junio 2015 / Bacterial resistance in urine cultures ina population of pregnant women in prenatal care in bogota june2013 ­june 2015

La infección urinaria baja, específicamente la bacteriuria asintomática afecta el 2 al 7% de los embarazos; sin tratamiento, evoluciona a pielonefritis, aumentala probabilidad de parto pretérmino, bajo peso al nacer y preeclampsia. La identificación y tratamiento de la infección urinaria bajaes prioritaria.Conocer la sensibilidad antibiótica de los diferentes patógenos permiterevisar las estrategias de tratamiento y disminuir los desenlaces adversos perinatales.Objetivo:Determinar el perfil de resistencia de los principales patógenos aislados en los urocultivos de las pacientes embarazadas que acudieron a control prenatal en Clínica Colsanitas. Materiales y Métodos:Se realizó un estudio observacional con pacientes gestantes que asistieron a control prenatal. Se tomaron todos los resultados de urocultivos de las pacientes gestantes y se excluyeron urocultivos sugestivos de contaminación. Se analizaron los patógenos aislados y la sensibilidad a los diferentes antibióticos. Resultados:De 14054 muestras para urocultivo 1177 resultaron positivas.El principal patógeno aislado fue Escherichia colicon una prevalencia del 71,4%, seguido en frecuencia por Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis y Klebsiella pneumoniae. La resistenciade Escherichia colia ampicilina fue de 37,3%, atrimetoprim sulfametoxazol 23,3%, cefalotina 11,1%.Lasensibilidad afosfomicina fue de 98%. En general los patógenos más frecuentemente aislados presentaron bajas tasas de expresión de betalactamasas. Conclusiones:E. colifue el patógeno más frecuente.La alta resistencia a la ampicilinacontraindica su uso empírico.El uso de otros antibióticos como cefalexina o nitrofurantoínaes adecuado.Fosfomicina puede ser una opción cuando no sea posible usar los anteriormente descritos.

Urinary tract infection(UTI), specifically asymptomatic bacteriuria, affects 2% to 7% of pregnancies; without treatment, it evolves into pyelonephritis, increases the probability of preterm birth, low birth weight and preeclampsia.Detection and treatment of UTIis a priority. Knowing the antibiotic sensitivity of different pathogens allows us to review treatment strategies and reduce adverse perinatal outcomes.Objective: To determine the resistance profile of the main pathogens isolated in urine cultures of pregnant patients who attended prenatal care in Clinica Colsanitas. Materials and Methods: An observational study was performed with pregnant patients who attended prenatal care. All urine culture results were taken from the pregnant patients and urine cultures suggestive of contamination were excluded. The isolated pathogens and the sensitivity to the different antibiotics were analyzed.Results: Out of 14054 urine samples, 1177 were positive. The main isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli with a prevalence of 71.4%, followed in frequencyby Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The resistance of Escherichia coli to ampicillin was 37.3%, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole 23.3%, cefalotin 11.1%. The sensitivity to fosfomycin was 98%. In general, the most frequently isolated pathogens showed low rates of beta-lactamase expression.Conclusions:E. coli was the most frequent pathogen. The high resistance to ampicillin contraindicates its empirical use. The use of other antibiotics such as cephalexin or nitrofurantoin is adequate. Fosfomycin may be an option when it is not possible to use previously described.